A-Official’ views. - 1. What is the role of your organisation / authority in tourism development in Zambia?
* 2. Which authorities are responsible for environmental conservation in the tourism areas?
* 3. Which authorities are responsible for preserving the socio-cultural values from tourism negative impacts?
* 4. What is the weight of environmental and cultural conservation in the tourism policies?
* 5. If Zambia starts to craft a sustainable tourism program, which authorities should be involved in the design of this program?
* 6. What is your role or activity in this sector (tourism)?
* 7. Please whats your opinion on how each of the following factors affects the final decision of tourism development in a specific area by rank values between 1 to 6.
a. The targeted market segment of the tourism market the policy wants to attract.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 b. The amount of funds available to implement the infrastructure, superstructure and tourism facilities.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 c. The forms of tourism and the kind of destination that the policy wants the region to be
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 d. The maximum capacity of the area.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 e. The capacity of the local community to accept change.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 f. Due to the many environmental pitfalls of the present tourism policies and plans
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6
* B-Personal Views. - 1. How do you see sustainable tourism?
* 2. From your point of view, what different authorities, organisations and societies can do for sustainable tourism in practice?
* 3.. If we were in 1990s and you had the chance to redevelop the Zambian natural and cultural tourism sites, what would you do and what would not you do?
* 4. From your point of view, how can the official authorities safeguard social and environmental qualities of tourism destinations while tourism is expanded in Zambia?
* 5. In your opinion, how can Zambia accomplish the balance between resource protection and use?
* 6. What interpretative activities do you suggest in order to increase the awareness values of natural and cultural resources among domestic and international tourism?
7. Please give your opinion about the following sentences by specifying whether you:
A-Official views. -The following questions will be addressed to the formal tourism authorities: 1. Please evaluate the present tourism planning mechanism by mentioning how far it succeeded in achieving each of the following objectives: Achieved 1 2 3 4 5 Not achieved
2. Which authorities or representatives are usually involved in determining the objectives of tourism development in earlier stages?:
3. Please specify the importance of each of the following factors in the future tourism plan. Very important 1 2 3 4 5 Not very important
4. What are the main objectives of the future tourism plans?
* A-Official views - Questions addresses to the members of the Zambia Institute of Planners, Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) or Equal.
* 1. Who or which authority (ies) is responsible for assessing the impacts of tourism activities on the environment?
* 2. What is the role of the Environmental Mangement Agency in tourism development in Zambia?
* 3. What is your activity in the field of environmental assessment research?
* 4. Have you examined the influences of the ecological tours in marine and sensitive areas?
* 5. If yes, what is your reaction towards the damage caused by these activities?
* 6. What is the role assigned to your agency in creating protected areas and national parks?
* 7. What are your future plans for environmental conservation in tourism areas?
B-Personal views.- 1. From your own point of view, which elements must be included in the future tourism development in order to strengthen the field of sustainable tourism in Zambia?
2. From your point of view, what are the factors that usually control the implementation of tourism developers plans?
B-Personal views. - 1. How do you see the portion of environmental importance in the Zambian tourism plans?
2. From your point of view, what are the factors that usually limit the implementation of the environmental plans in the field of tourism?
3. Do you think that investors and tourism authorities have enough environmental back ground to design and execute tourism projects in the fragile tourism areas in Zambia?
4. If you are responsible for tourism development in Zambia, what would you do and what would not you do in order to sustain the tourism resources?
2. What is the role of the Environmental Affairs Agency in tourism development in Zambia?
3. What is your activity in the field of environmental assessment research?
4. Have you examined the influences of the ecological tours in marine and sensitive areas?
5. If yes, what is your reaction towards the damage caused by these activities?
6. What is the role assigned to your agency in creating protected areas and national parks?
7. What are your future plans for environmental conservation in tourism areas?
A-Official Views - Questions addresses to tourism private sector. - 1. When did you introduce your project in the market of tourism for the first time?
2. Which elements do you usually consider when you plan for a new project / enterprise?
3. What are the main tourism activities that usually attract your consumers?
4. Which tourism attractions do you usually include in your tourism programs?
5. What methods or strategies do you usually use to overcome the problems of seasonality and the season of intensity that face your project (s)?
6. What are you managing in order to preserve the resort image?
B- Personal views. - 1. Do you think that the private sector plays sufficient role in crafting the vision of the Zambian tourism policy?
2. From your point of view, how can the Zambian government encourage the private sector to practice and advocate sustainable tourism development?
3. If you are responsible for tourism development in Zambia, what would you do and what would not you do in order to sustain the Zambian tourism resources?
Official views. General Questions. - 1. Educational qualifications:
2. Actual position. /Post. For how long?
3. How long have you been involved in the career of tourism?
4. Previous occupation?
5. Are you a member in any national or international tourism societies, organisations or tourism communities? If yes, specify.
7. Do you have any other activities?
* Questions to interviewee.- 1. Official views. - 1. (a)-Do you play any role in crafting the Zambian tourism plans and policies?
2. (b)-If yes, please specify your role .
2. What is the rank of tourism among the other economic activities in the Zambian national plans?
3. Please indicate how far the present tourism policy (ies) have succeeded to achieve the following goals. Achieved 1 2 3 4 5 Not achieved
4. What are the major problems and unique opportunities for tourism development in Zambian?
B-Personal Views. - Please, evaluate the importance of each of the following issues in the past, present and future tourism policies by indicating whether it is; Very important 1 2 3 4 5 Not very important
2. In your opinion and experience, what are the different problems and threats created by tourism to:
a). natural landscape sites.
b). archaeological sites.
c). socio-cultural values.
d). Wild animal numbers
3. In your opinion, what are the regions or areas that need management efforts in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the natural attractions
need efforts in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the archaeological sites .
need efforts in order to mitigate the negative impacts on the public community.
considered virgin areas and need cautious and sustainable development plans
* 4. If Zambia starts to prepare a management program for its tourism resources, what are the challenges it will face for managing:
a). natural landscape eco-tourism attractions
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 b). archaeological and historical attractions.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 c). Wild game animal attractions
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 d). Socio-culture attractions
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4
5. If Zambia starts to arrange interpretative programs in order to influence the visitor behavior, which authorities have to be involved in this program?
6. (a).What are the main reason behind the deterioration of the natural attractions in Livingstone and other similar tourism areas?
6. (a).Please specify, how far each of the following reasons has led to the environmental negative impacts of tourism and the deterioration of some natural assets in Livingstone ? fast and un-cautious tourism development.
inability to carry out a master plan for the whole area
the absence of supervision on the private sector projects.
the ignorance of the local authorities at Livingstone tourism planning.
the absence of environmental legislation that manage the use of the natural attractions in the field of tourism
the failure to adopt proper land use policies
others
7. In your opinion, what are the pitfalls of sustainable tourism development in Livingstone?
8. Zambia has already started to launch many plans for planning in many natural and virgin areas. Please indicate how far each of the following factors is considered and emphasized in these plans: Very important 1 2 3 4 5 Not very important
9. In your opinion, what are the challenges that face the Zambian archaeological and historical and landscape sites?
10. What do you suggest Zambia can do in order to manage the use of the archaeological historical and landscape sites?
* 11. (a) Do you think that the Zambian communities in the new tourism areas are able to cope with the different attributes of tourism?
12. If we want to assess the present tourism policy (ies) from an environmental point of view, please indicate how far the Zambian tourism plans succeeded to achieve the following techniques:
12. From an environmental point of view, which of the following local plans succeeded to encompass the environmental attributes in its strategies.
If no, what do you suggest Zambia can do in order to modify the image of tourism in the perception of the public community?
Questions addressed to: The heads/Departments a).,Training Institutions; Ministry of Tourism Environmental & Natural Resources (MTENR); Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA); Victoria Falls World Heritage Site:;National Heritage Conservation Commission (NHCC), Local Planning Authorities; (Zambia Institute of Planners); National Council for Construction (NCC) or Equal.
b.The heads of the Zambia Wildlife Authority- (ZAWA,); Zambia Institute of Planners, ZEMA,; ZTB or equivalent). A-Official Views: 1. What are the main objectives of the present national tourism policies?
3.What are the different forms of tourism plans that you usually prepare and responsible for a). national plan; b).regional plan; c). local plan; and b).site plan
3.(a) Do you usually prepare alternative plans before applying any of them?
If yes, 3(b) who or which authority has the right to evaluate and to select the potential tourism plans?
3 (c) what are the criteria that are usually used in this evaluation and selection?
4-Who has the right to vote for the potential tourism plans at the following levels:
a). national level;
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 b). national level;
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 c). regional level and;
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 d). local level.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4
5-Please give a rank to the role assigned to each of the following authorities in crafting the Zambian tourism plans on the three levels (national, regional and local levels)
6. What are the main objectives of the regional tourism plans and local tourism plans?
7. What are the different steps that you are following when you prepare a master plan for a new tourism region?
8. Do you usually measure the different impacts of tourism on both the national and destination levels?
8b). If yes, what are the impacts that you usually measure?
8c). What are the instruments that you usually use?
9. what are the forms of tourism that are promoted in Livingstone?
10. What makes Livingstone tourism destination in the region any different from other tourism areas?
11. On what bases are figuring the carrying capacities of tourism destinations?
12. What is your authority on the archaeological, historical and landscape in Zambia?
13. What form of co-operation do you have with the Zambian cultural/historical or archaeological authorities in order to manage the use of the archaeological sites?
B-Personal views. - 1. Please indicate your opinion about the following sentences by specifying whether you
A-Official views. - Questions directed at the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA, Local Planning Authority or Equivalent ); 1. What is the role of your organisation assigned to tourism development in Zambia?
(a)-Does your organisation play any role in crafting tourism plans on the following levels?
a). Tourism (Bill) draft law for discussion in Parliament.
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 b). Administrative structures and authorities for planning
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 c). Planning framework the types of plans and documents available for planning
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 d). Planning process in which plans are prepared and enforced
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 e). Planning permission with a particular development or change of land use
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 f). Local Authority district, municipal or city elected body
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 6
* What has been your role at each of the following levels
a). National and Regional Planning
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 e). Never participated
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 d). Sectoral Local Plan
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 c). Local Area Plan
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 b). Integrated Development Plan
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5
* What level are you directly or indirectly involved in the Planning System
b). Spatial aspects of planning that have physical characteristics such as buildings,Vegetation, roads and other infrastructure
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 c). Protection zones areas that serve the purpose to restrict development or use of sensitive environments or natural resources
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 a). Multisectoral areas and issues that cover more than one sector or administrative concern
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 b). Non-spatial aspects of planning that do not have physical characteristics such as economic development, community involvement, equality, social services
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5 c). Delineation demarcation or marking of areas and boundaries
-- Select -- 1 2 3 4 5
2(c). Do you think that this role is adequate in order to guarantee more compatible development?
3. Which elements do you consider for the EIA of the tourism project (s)?
4. Are all of the protected areas in Zambia used in the field of tourism?
5. Who or which authority is responsible for managing tourist visits and tourist activities in the natural and protected areas in Zambia?
6(a). Are their any entrance fees imposed to the protected areas?
6(b). If yes, who or which authority is responsible for setting the entrance fees for these areas?
6(c). On what basis are these fees charged?
7. What are the main problems caused by tourism activities in the natural and sensitive areas?
8. What are the natural regions that are under pressures and need much more conservation and management activities in Zambia?
9. What is your role in tourism development of Livingstone?
* B-Personal views. - 1. What do you suggest tourism authorities can do in order to manage the number of visitors to the natural, Archaeological Sites, Traditional Anthropological Resources and Historical National Monuments sites and to mitigate their impacts?
* 2. How can tourism development be controlled in order to minimize the negative environmental impacts?
* 3-If Zambia starts to arrange interpretative program in order to influence visitor behavior, which authorities should participate in this program / and what is your role?
* 4(b). Do you usually follow the principle of (user pays) when you impose the entrance fees in order to guarantee a proper conservation of the site?
4(c)- If no, on what basis are you setting these fees?
B-Personal views
1. What devices and schemes do you suggest in order to reduce the pressures on the archaeological sites?
2. Please indicate how far the Zambian archaeological sites need each of the following items and devices with regard to resource management.
3. Indicate how far each of the following factors constitute a threat to the archaeological sites at the Mosi-Oa-Tunya World Heritage Site part of the Mosi-Oa-Tunya National Park area.
* A-Official views. - Private sector; 1. What is the activity (activities) of your projects?
* 2. In which regions in Zambia do you have these projects?
* 3. On what basis do you determine the carrying capacity of your tourist resort?
* 4. a). When you started to think about your project, did you conduct cost - benefit analysis for your project?
* 5. 4b).If yes, what are the main elements that you considered in this analysis?
* 6. What is the present role of the (Livingstone) Chamber of Commerce in tourism development decisions?
* 7. 6a) .What are the main obstacles that you usually face when you start thinking about a new project?
* 7. 6b).To what extent do these obstacles affect your project?
B-Personal views. - 1. Indicate the degree of involvement of each of the following authorities in the final tourism development decisions at the national, regional and local levels.
2. Indicate how far the present tourism policies are capable to handle each of the following functions
* A-Official views. -Questions directed at tourism planners, consultants and academic staff 1. (a). What is your role in the Zambian tourism policies on the different levels?
* 1. (b). Do you usually play this role on behalf of the governmental authorities or private sector investors?
* 2. What are the main issues that constitute the major obstacles for tourism planning in Zambia?
* 3. What are the external and internal constraints and pressures on tourist development in Zambia?
* B-Personal -views. - 1. How far the present tourism policies can be considered a continuous stage to the past policies?
* 2. In your opinion, is there any gap between past and present tourism policies?
3. Please, assess the success of the tourist development plans in each of in Livingstone/Victoria Falls / Mosi-Oa-Tunya World Heritage Site; Lower Zambezi National Park;
4. Indicate how far the present tourist policies are capable to handle each of the following. Very professional 1 2 3 4 5 Not very professional
* Personal questions. - 1. Educational qualifications
* 2. Actual position/ post for how long?
* 3. How long have you been working the career of tourism?
* 4. What is your previous occupation?
* 5. Are you a member in any national or international tourism societies, organisations or tourism communities? If yes, specify
* 6. Do you have any other activities?
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