| Responsibility/Instructions e.g. Unclear distinction as to individual responsibilities regarding health and safety. |
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| Communication. e.g. Inadequate communication and consultation, where people who raise health and safety issues with management are perceived as timewasters or trouble makers. Inadequate lines of communication between different parties |
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| Safety Management. e.g. Payment of ‘lip service’ to requirements such as risk assessment, safety monitoring, accident investigation and the operation of safe systems of work |
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| Environment. e.g. A stressful environment where employees are expected to work in adverse conditions such as those associated with excessive temperatures, noise, poorly maintained and old equipment and badly arranged layout. |
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| Sub-cultures. e.g. Where workers view safety through their own groups, rather than sharing an overall view of safety. (Such groups may be occur due to age, experience, role, shift pattern, prior accident involvement etc.) |
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| Productivity pressure. e.g. Where pressures to meet production targets, perhaps because of financial incentives or to safeguard appraisals results in reduced safety practices, for example, the concealing of accidents and near misses through ‘smartening up’ reports or short-cuts in risk identification procedures. |
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| Competence. e.g. Where workers competency levels (skills, experience, knowledge, training etc.) are deemed be inadequate, leading to distrust and reduced feelings of safety. |
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| Stress. e.g. Psychological factors due to stress from being away from home resulting in reduced safety awareness and practice. |
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